Polyaxial bone anchoring device

ABSTRACT

A polyaxial bone anchoring device is provided comprising a bone anchoring element having a shank to be anchored in a bone and a head; a receiving part coupled to the shank and configured to pivotably receive the head, and having a channel for receiving a rod and a longitudinal axis; a pressure member configured to be positioned in the receiving part; a locking member insertable into the channel; wherein the pressure member has a deformable portion; and wherein, when the locking member is advanced into the channel in the direction of the longitudinal axis, the locking member in moveable from a position where it contacts the pressure member resulting in a load applied to the pressure member that clamps the head, to a position where the locking member contacts the pressure member such that the deformable portion is deformed and the locking member contacts the rod and clamps the rod.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/299,390, filed Oct. 20, 2016, which is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/914,535, filed Jun. 10, 2013, now U.S. Pat. No. 9,498,253, which claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 61/658,120, filed Jun. 11, 2012, the contents of which are hereby incorporated by reference in their entirety, and which claims priority from European Patent Application EP 12 171 525.4, filed Jun. 11, 2012, the contents of which are hereby incorporated by reference in their entirety.

BACKGROUND Field of the Invention

The invention relates to a polyaxial bone anchoring device, in particular for use in spinal or trauma surgery. The polyaxial bone anchoring device comprises a bone anchoring element with a shank to be anchored in a bone and a head. The head is pivotably held in a receiving part and can be fixed at an angle by applying pressure onto it via a pressure member. With the receiving part, the bone anchoring element can be coupled to a stabilization rod that is placed into a channel of the receiving part and that can be secured by a locking member. The pressure member comprises a deformable portion. When the locking member is advanced into the channel, first, the locking member contacts the pressure member resulting in a load applied to the pressure member that clamps the head and thereafter the locking member contacts the pressure member such that the deformable portion is deformed and the locking member comes into contact with the rod and clamps the rod. With such a locking member the head and the rod can be fixed in a sequential manner using a tool with a single drive portion that engages the locking member.

Description of Related Art

US 2003/0100896 A1 describes a polyaxial bone anchoring device wherein in one embodiment a single piece locking element is used to lock the head and the rod simultaneously when the locking element is tightened.

U.S. Pat. No. 7,972,364 describes a locking assembly for securing a rod in a rod receiving part of a bone anchoring device that includes a first locking element and a second locking element. With the first locking element and the second locking element the head of the bone anchoring element and the rod can be locked independently using a tool with two drive portions.

U.S. Pat. No. 8,088,152 B2 describes an orthopedic retaining system comprising at least one bone screw which has a head part and a threaded shaft pivotably mounted thereon. A clamping element is mounted in the head part, which can be pressed against the threaded shaft from its upper side and, as a result, secure the threaded shaft relative to the head part. A retaining bar is arranged in a receptacle of the head part. Further, a clamping device is provided on the upper side of the head part, by means of which the clamping element and the retaining bar are pressed into the head part such that the threaded shaft and the retaining bar are secured in positions relative to the head part. The clamping device comprises an elastically deformable pressure element which is displaced into a clamping position during actuation of the clamping device. With such a configuration, upon actuation of the clamping device, the pressure element abuts first on the clamping element and thereby secures the pivotable threaded shaft in position on the head part while the retaining bar remains freely displaceable. Only upon further actuation of the clamping device the pressure element is elastically deformed thereby abutting on the retaining bar and securing the retaining bar in position.

SUMMARY

It is the object of the invention to provide an improved polyaxial bone anchoring device that provides for simplified handling and a reliable fixation of the head and the rod.

In an embodiment of the invention, the polyaxial bone anchoring device allows a surgeon to lock the head of the bone anchoring element in the receiving part and to lock the rod in a sequential manner using only a single tool with a single drive portion. By this sequential locking mechanism it is possible to first lock, or at least preliminarily clamp, the head and thereafter clamp the rod and finally lock the rod and the head. Moreover, a full locking of the head and the rod can be carried out and thereafter the fixation of the rod can be loosened to perform adjustments of the rod.

As discussed regarding the above embodiment, because only a single tool with a single drive portion and one-piece loading member is needed for performing these steps, the use of the polyaxial bone anchoring device is facilitated.

In one embodiment, the polyaxial bone anchoring device comprises only few parts. The pressure member and the locking member can be used with existing receiving parts. Hence, existing receiving parts may be upgraded with a sequential locking mechanism to allow an independent head and rod fixation. Thus, the number of parts of the polyaxial bone anchoring device that has the sequential locking mechanism is the same as the number of parts of a polyaxial bone anchoring device wherein the head and the rod are locked simultaneously.

The pressure member and the locking element are relatively easy to manufacture.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

Further features and advantages of the invention will become apparent from and will be best understood by reference to the following detailed description reviewed in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. In the drawings:

FIG. 1 shows a perspective exploded view of the polyaxial bone anchoring device according to a first embodiment.

FIG. 2 shows a perspective view of the polyaxial bone anchoring device according to the first embodiment in an assembled state.

FIG. 3 shows a perspective view from the bottom of the pressure member of the polyaxial bone anchoring device according to the first embodiment.

FIG. 4 shows a top view of the pressure member shown in FIG. 3.

FIG. 5a shows a cross-sectional view of the pressure member, the section taken along line A-A in FIG. 4.

FIG. 5b shows an enlarged view of a portion of FIG. 5 a.

FIG. 6 shows a perspective view from one side of the locking member of the polyaxial bone anchoring device according to the first embodiment.

FIG. 7 shows a top view of the locking member of FIG. 6.

FIG. 8 shows a cross-sectional view of the locking member, the section being taken along line B-B in FIG. 7.

FIG. 9 shows a cross-sectional view of the polyaxial bone anchoring device according to the first embodiment with a rod inserted, wherein the section is taken in a plane perpendicular to the rod axis in a first configuration of the locking member.

FIG. 10a shows a cross-sectional view of the polyaxial bone anchoring device as in FIG. 9, wherein the locking member is in a second configuration.

FIG. 10b shows an enlarged view of a portion of FIG. 10 a.

FIG. 11a shows a cross-sectional view of the polyaxial bone anchoring device as in FIG. 9 with the locking member in a third configuration.

FIG. 11b shows an enlarged view of a portion of FIG. 11 a.

FIG. 12 shows a perspective exploded view of the polyaxial bone anchoring device according to a second embodiment.

FIG. 13 shows a top view of the pressure member of the polyaxial bone anchoring device according to FIG. 12.

FIG. 14a shows a cross-sectional view of the pressure member of FIG. 13 along line C-C in FIG. 13.

FIG. 14b shows an enlarged view of a portion of FIG. 13.

FIG. 15 shows a perspective view from the bottom of the locking member of the polyaxial bone anchoring device according to the second embodiment.

FIG. 16 shows a cross-sectional view of the locking member according to the second embodiment.

FIG. 17 shows a cross-sectional view of the polyaxial bone anchoring device according to the second embodiment with the rod inserted, wherein the section is taken in a plane perpendicular to the rod axis and the locking member is in a first configuration.

FIG. 18a shows a cross-sectional view of the polyaxial bone anchoring device according to the second embodiment with the locking member in a second configuration.

FIG. 18b shows an enlarged view of a portion of FIG. 18 a.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

A polyaxial bone anchoring device according to a first embodiment is shown in FIGS. 1 and 2. It comprises an anchoring element 1 having a shank 2 with a threaded portion and a head 3. The head 3 has a spherically-shaped outer surface portion and, on its side opposite to the shank 2, a recess 4 for engagement with a tool. A receiving part 5 is provided for coupling the bone anchoring element 1 to a rod 6. In the receiving part 5, a pressure member 7 is arranged to exert pressure onto the head 3 of the bone anchoring element 1.

Referring to FIGS. 1 and 2 as well as FIGS. 9 to 12, the receiving part 5 has a top end 51 and a bottom end 52 and is of substantially cylindrical construction with a longitudinal axis C extending through the top end 51 and the bottom end 52. Coaxially with the longitudinal axis C, a bore 53 is provided extending from the top end 51 to a predetermined distance from the bottom end 52. At the bottom end 52, an opening 54 is provided, the diameter of which is smaller than the diameter of the bore 53. The coaxial bore 53 narrows towards the opening 54, for example, with a spherically-shaped section 55 that provides a seat for the head 3. However, the section 55 can have any other shape such as, for example, a conical shape, that ensures the function of the head 3 being pivotably held in the receiving part 5 similar to a ball and socket joint.

The receiving part 5 further comprises a U-shaped recess 56 starting at the top end 51 and extending in the direction of the bottom end 52. By means of the U-shaped recess 56, two free legs 57, 58 are formed that extend towards the top end 51 and define a channel for receiving the rod 6. Adjacent to the top end 51, a portion with an internal thread 59 is provided at the inner surface of the legs 57, 58. In the embodiment shown, the internal thread 59 is a flat thread having substantially horizontal upper and lower thread flanks. Any other thread form can be used for the internal thread 59, however, a thread form that reduces or eliminates splaying of the legs is preferable. Below the portion with the internal thread 59 the bore 53 comprises a slightly enlarged portion 53 a which provides space for the expansion of a portion of the pressure member 7 described below.

As shown in FIG. 1 and FIGS. 3 to 5, the pressure member 7 is of a substantially cylindrical construction with a top end 71 and a bottom end 72 and a cylinder axis C extending through the two ends 71, 72 and when the pressure member 7 is in a mounted state, the cylinder axis C is the same as or coaxial with the longitudinal axis C of the receiving part 5.

The pressure member 7 is arranged in the receiving part 5 such that its top end 71 is oriented towards the top end 51 of the receiving part 5 and the bottom end 72 is oriented towards the bottom end 52 of the receiving part 5. The pressure member 7 comprises a first cylindrical portion 73 adjacent the bottom end 72 with an outer diameter that is slightly smaller than the inner diameter of the bore 53 of the receiving part 5 so that the pressure member 7 can be introduced into the receiving part 5 from the top end 51 thereof. Adjacent to the bottom end 72, a spherically-shaped recess 74 is provided that cooperates with a spherical outer surface portion of the head 3 of the bone anchoring element 1. A coaxial through-hole 75 extends through the pressure member 7 that allows access to the screw head 3 with a tool (not shown). The end of the cylindrical portion 73 opposite to the bottom end 72 has a rim 73 a from which a substantially cylindrically-shaped recess 76 extends in the direction of the bottom end 72. The dimensions of the recess 76 are such that the rod 6 can be inserted and guided therein.

Two upstanding walls 77, 78 are provided on the rim 73 a, the free ends of which form the top end 71 of the pressure member 7. The walls 77, 78 have a height such that together with the recess 76 they form a channel for inserting the rod 6, wherein the depth of the channel is greater than the diameter of the rod 6. Hence, when the rod 6 is inserted, the top end 71 of the pressure member 7 extends above an upper surface of the rod 6. The walls 77, 78 are substantially cylindrically-shaped with the cylinder axis being the cylinder axis C of the pressure member 7. Each wall 77, 78 is divided by a longitudinal slit 77 a, 78 a that is substantially parallel to the cylinder axis C. The outer diameter of the pressure member 7 in the area of the walls 77, 78 is slightly smaller than the outer diameter of the pressure member 7 at the cylindrical portion 73. Hence, when the pressure member 7 is inserted into the bore 53 of the receiving part 5 and the walls 77, 78 are located in the section 53 a of the bore 53, there is a gap 79 between the inner wall of the bore section 53 a and the walls 77, 78, as shown in FIGS. 9 to 11 b. The slits 77 a, 78 a render the walls 77, 78 elastically deformable with respect to the cylindrical portion 73 of the pressure member 7. This means, that the walls 77, 78 can be bent radially outward and return elastically to their upright position. Hence, the walls 77, 78 form a deformable portion of the pressure member 7. Adjacent to the top end 71, the wall portions 77, 78 comprise inclined inner edges 77 b, 78 b that provides an abutment for a locking member 8, which is described below. The incline may be, for example, around 45° with respect to the central axis C.

The locking member 8 will be described with reference to FIGS. 1 and 6 to 8. The locking member 8 is a monolithic piece. In the embodiment shown, it is a set screw. The locking member has a top end 81 and a bottom end 82 that faces the pressure member 7 when the locking member 8 is inserted between the legs 57, 58 of the receiving part 5. An external thread 83 of the locking member 8 cooperates with the internal thread 59 of the receiving part 5. A coaxial recess 84 is provided at the bottom end 82. It shall be mentioned, that the recess 84 can be omitted and/or a coaxial through hole can be provided. Adjacent the top end 81, there is an engagement portion 85 for a tool, which may be, for example, formed as a recess with longitudinal grooves, as a hexagon or other polygon recess, torx-shaped recess or may have any other shape making it suitable as an engagement portion. Hence, with the engagement portion 85, the locking member 8 has a single drive portion for a drive tool.

Adjacent the bottom end 82, there is a cylindrical portion 87 with an outer diameter that is only slightly smaller than the inner diameter of the pressure member 7 between the walls 77, 78 so that the cylindrical portion 87 may extend between the walls 77, 78. Between the cylindrical portion 87 and the external thread 83, there is a conical portion 88 with a cone angle selected such that it corresponds to the angle of inclination of the inclined edges 77 b, 78 b of the walls 77, 78. The size of the conical portion 88 in an axial direction is greater than the size of the inclined edges 77 b, 78 b of the wall portions 77, 78, so that when the conical portion 88 comes into engagement with the inclined edges 77 b, 78 b, a movement of the locking member 8 towards the pressure member 7 keeps the inclined edges 77 b, 78 b and the conical portion 88 in contact over a certain length.

The parts of the bone anchoring device are made of a bio-compatible material, for example, of a bio-compatible metal or a metal alloy, such as titanium, stainless steel, nickel titanium alloys, such as Nitinol, or made of a bio-compatible plastic material, such as for example PEEK (polyetheretherketone). The parts can be made all of the same or of different materials.

In use, the receiving part 5 and the anchoring element 1 as well as the pressure member 7 are normally pre-assembled such that the head 3 is pivotably held in the seat 55 of the receiving part 5 and the pressure member 7 is placed onto the head 3. Usually, at least two polyaxial bone anchoring devices shall be connected via the rod 6. After insertion of the bone anchoring elements 1 into the bone, the receiving parts 5 are aligned by pivoting the receiving parts 5 relative to the heads 3 and then the rod 6 is inserted.

The locking procedure will be explained with reference to FIGS. 9 to 11 b. First, as shown in FIG. 9, the locking member 8 is inserted into the receiving part 5 with the bottom end 82 of the locking member facing the rod 6. The locking member 8 is then further screwed-in until its cylindrical portion 87 extends into the space between the walls 77, 78 and the conical portion 88 of the locking member 8 abuts against the inclined edges 77 b, 78 b of the walls 77, 78. Further advancement of the locking member 8 into the receiving part 5 presses the pressure member 7 against the head 3 as shown in FIGS. 10a and 10b . By means of this, the head 3 is clamped in an adjustable angular position with respect to the receiving part 5 and is held in this position by means of friction. The head 3 may be only slightly clamped or nearly completely locked.

Then, as shown in FIGS. 11a and 11b , the further advancement of the locking member 8 results in a counterforce that the locking member 8 experiences from the pressure member 7. The walls 77, 78 are bent radially outward when the conical portion 88 presses onto the inclined edges 77 b, 78 b thereby moving the walls 77, 78 into the gap 79 that is present between the wall portions 77, 78 and the inner wall of the bore section 53 a (see arrows in FIGS. 11a and 11b ). This allows the bottom end 82 of the locking member 8 to move deeper into the channel where the rod 6 is seated and finally contact and lock the rod 6. By this procedure, the whole polyaxial bone anchoring device is locked.

It is possible to correct the position of the rod 6 without loosening the locking of the head 3. To achieve this, the locking member 8 is screwed-back until the rod 6 becomes displaceable. This is possible due to the resilient property of the deformable walls 77, 78 of the pressure member 7. It may even be possible to fully remove the locking member 8 and to carry out a complete revision of the locking of the polyaxial bone anchoring device.

A second embodiment of the polyaxial bone anchoring device will be described with reference to FIGS. 12 to 18 b. The second embodiment differs from the first embodiment in the design of the pressure member and of the locking member. Parts and portions that are identical to the first embodiment have the same reference numerals and the description thereof will not be repeated.

The pressure member 7′ has a top end 71 and a bottom end 72 and a substantially cylindrical portion 73′ that extends from the top end 71 to the bottom end 72.

A U-shaped recess 76′ extends from the top end 71 to a distance from the bottom end 72. The depth of the U-shaped recess 76′ is greater than the diameter of the rod 6 so that when the rod 6 is inserted, the top end 71 of the pressure member 7′ extends above an upper surface of the rod 6. Small coaxial cylindrical recesses 76 a, 76 b extends from the top end 71 into the sidewalls of the channel formed by the U-shaped recess 76′. The recesses 76 a, 76 b contribute to rendering the upper portion of the pressure member 7′ deformable. At a distance from the top end 71 of both sidewalls, a notch 107 a, 107 b in the outer surface extending in a transverse or circumferential direction relative to the central axis C is provided. The contours of the notches 107 a, 107 b are substantially V-shaped, i.e. the widths of the notches 107 a, 107 b are increasing towards the outer surface of the sidewalls. This renders the upper portion of the pressure member 7′ elastically deformable in such a way that compressing the sidewalls of the pressure member 7′ in an axial direction leads to a reduction of the height of the sidewalls.

The locking member 8′ according to the second embodiment differs from the locking member 8 of the first embodiment in that it comprises only a cylindrical projection 87′ that projects away from the threaded portion 83. The cylindrical projection 87′ has a smaller diameter than the threaded portion 83 of the locking member, such that at the end of the threaded portion 83 a ring-shaped abutment 108 is formed that comes into contact with the top end 71 of the pressure member 7.

In use, as shown in FIG. 17, when the locking member 8′ is inserted into the receiving part 5 and advanced towards the pressure member 7′, the ring-shaped abutment 108 comes into contact with the top end 71 of the pressure member. Further advancement of the locking member 8′ presses the pressure member 7′ against the head 3 such that the head 3 is clamped by friction. Due to the counterforce experienced by the locking member 8′ from the pressure member 7′ when it presses the head 3 into the seat 55, the further advancement of the locking member 8 presses the abutment 108 against the top end 71 of the pressure member 7′. Thereby, the deformable portions formed by the notches 107 a, 107 b are deformed and the notches 107 a, 107 b are narrowed. Hence, the cylindrical portion 87′ of the locking member 8′ comes into contact with the surface of the rod 6 and presses onto the rod 6 to fix the rod 6.

For a correction of the position of the rod 6, the locking member 8′ can be screwed-back slightly to render the rod 6 displaceable again. Because of the spring function of the deformable portion of the pressure member 7′, the pressure on the head 3 that holds the head 3 in position is still present and the head remains clamped. Final tightening of the locking member 8′ locks the whole assembly.

Various modifications of the previous embodiments are conceivable. In particular, the deformable portion can be realized also by resilient elements that are mounted onto the upper end of a pressure member. In such a case, the clamping force can be adjusted by selecting an element with a specific spring force. In addition, features of the different embodiments described can be combined among each other.

For the polyaxial bone anchoring device any known polyaxial bone anchoring devices can be used that comprise a bone anchoring element that is pivotably received in the receiving part. In particular, bone anchoring devices, wherein the bone anchoring element is introduced from the bottom end of the receiving part into the receiving part, may be used. The head does not need to have a spherical shape. It can also have flattened portions that may be used for restricting the pivoting movement to a single plane. The receiving part may be formed differently, in particular, inside. It can also have an inclined lower edge to allow an enlarged pivot angle to a specific direction. For the bone anchoring element, any known bone anchors, such as screws, nails, with or without cannulation, can be used.

The connection between the locking member and the receiving part does not necessarily have to be a threaded connection, other connections may be possible, such as for example, a bayonet connection. 

1. A polyaxial bone anchoring device comprising: a bone anchoring element having a shank to be anchored to a bone and a head; a receiving part configured to pivotably receive the head, the receiving part having a first end, a second end, a central axis, and a channel at the first end for receiving a rod; a pressure member positionable in the receiving part to exert pressure onto the head to clamp the head in the receiving part, the pressure member comprising a deformable portion; and a locking member insertable into the channel to contact the pressure member; wherein when the head, the pressure member, and the locking member are in the receiving part, the locking member is movable in the channel of the receiving part along the central axis from a first position wherein at least part of the bone anchoring element is configured to directly contact the receiving part while the locking member contacts and is restricted by the deformable portion of the pressure member from moving further axially towards the second end of the receiving part, to a second position that is closer to the second end of the receiving part than the first position wherein the head is clamped in the receiving part while the locking member contacts and deforms the deformable portion of the pressure member radially outwardly compared to the first position to permit further axial movement of the locking member towards the second end of the receiving part for the locking member to come into contact with the rod and clamp the rod. 2-4. (canceled)
 5. The polyaxial bone anchoring device of claim 1, wherein the deformable portion comprises at least one slit that extends in a direction substantially parallel to the central axis when the pressure member is in the receiving part, rendering the deformable portion deformable.
 6. The polyaxial bone anchoring device of claim 24, wherein the deformable portion comprises at least one notch that extends in a direction substantially transverse to the central axis when the pressure member is in the receiving part.
 7. The polyaxial bone anchoring device of claim 1, wherein the locking member comprises an inclined surface portion and the pressure member comprises a corresponding inclined surface portion configured to contact the inclined surface portion of the locking member, such that when the head, the pressure member, and the locking member are in the receiving part, and the locking member is advanced towards the pressure member, an increasing force is generated on the pressure member that deforms the deformable portion away from the central axis.
 8. The polyaxial bone anchoring device of claim 1, wherein the deformable portion deforms when the locking member presses against the deformable portion, such that a distance in the axial direction between the locking member and an end of the pressure member opposite the deformable portion is reduced.
 9. (canceled)
 10. The polyaxial bone anchoring device of claim 1, wherein the locking member is a single piece.
 11. The polyaxial bone anchoring device of claim 1, wherein the locking member is a set screw.
 12. The polyaxial bone anchoring device of claim 24, wherein a bottom end of the locking member that is configured to face the pressure member comprises a surface portion that is configured to contact the pressure member without the locking member contacting the rod.
 13. The polyaxial bone anchoring device of claim 12, wherein the surface portion is ring-shaped.
 14. The polyaxial bone anchoring device of claim 1, wherein the receiving part further defines a bore extending from the first end to the second end, and wherein the channel for the rod is formed by a recess adjacent the top end with a substantially U-shaped cross-section.
 15. The polyaxial bone anchoring device of claim 14, wherein two open legs are formed by the recess of the receiving part, and wherein an internal thread is provided at the legs that cooperates with an external thread of the locking member.
 16. The polyaxial bone anchoring device of claim 1, wherein in the second position, at least part of the deformable portion of the pressure member is spaced apart from the receiving part in a radial direction.
 17. The polyaxial bone anchoring device of claim 1, wherein in the first position, a load is applied to the head by the pressure member that clamps the head.
 18. The polyaxial bone anchoring device of claim 1, wherein the pressure member further comprises two sidewalls defining a channel to receive the rod, and wherein the deformable portion is formed on at least one of the sidewalls.
 19. The polyaxial bone anchoring device of claim 1, wherein the deformable portion of the pressure member is elastically deformable.
 20. The polyaxial bone anchoring device of claim 1, wherein regions of the deformable portion of the pressure member that are spaced apart from the receiving part in the first position remain spaced apart from the receiving part in the second position.
 21. A method of connecting a rod to a bone via a polyaxial bone anchoring device, the bone anchoring device comprising a bone anchoring element having a shank and a head, a receiving part configured to pivotably receive the head, the receiving part having a first end, a second end, a central axis, and a channel at the first end for receiving the rod, a pressure member positionable in the receiving part to exert pressure onto the head to clamp the head in the receiving part, the pressure member comprising a deformable portion, and a locking member insertable into the channel to contact the pressure member, the method comprising: anchoring the shank of the bone anchoring device to the bone when the head and the pressure member are in the receiving part; adjusting an angular position of the receiving part relative to the bone anchoring element; inserting the rod in the channel of the receiving part; inserting the locking member in the channel; moving the locking member along the central axis to a first position, wherein at least part of the bone anchoring element is configured to directly contact the receiving part while the locking member contacts and is restricted by the deformable portion of the pressure member from moving further axially towards the second end of the receiving part; moving the locking member to a second position that is closer to the second end of the receiving part than the first position, wherein the head is clamped in the receiving part while the locking member contacts and deforms the deformable portion of the pressure member radially outwardly compared to the first position to permit further axial movement of the locking member towards the second end of the receiving part; and moving the locking member to a third position that is closer to the second end of the receiving part than the second position, such that the locking member comes into contact with the rod and clamps the rod.
 22. The method of claim 21, further comprising: moving the locking member from the third position back to one of the first position or the second position; adjusting a position of the rod relative to the receiving part; and moving the locking member from the one of the first position or the second position back to the third position to clamp the rod.
 23. The method of claim 22, wherein when the locking member is moved from the third position back to the first position, the head remains clamped in the receiving part when the locking member is in the first position.
 24. A polyaxial bone anchoring device comprising: a rod; a receiving part configured to pivotably receive a head of a bone anchoring element, the receiving part having a first end, a second end, a central axis, and a channel at the first end for receiving the rod; a pressure member positionable in the receiving part to exert pressure onto the head to clamp the head in the receiving part, the pressure member comprising an annular portion and an elastically deformable portion; and a locking member insertable into the channel to contact the pressure member; wherein when the pressure member, the rod, and the locking member are in the receiving part, the locking member is movable in the channel of the receiving part along the central axis from a first position wherein the locking member contacts and is restricted by the deformable portion of the pressure member from moving further axially towards the second end of the receiving part, to a second position that is closer to the second end of the receiving part than the first position wherein the locking member contacts and deforms the deformable portion of the pressure member to permit further axial movement of the locking member towards the second end of the receiving part for the locking member to come into contact with the rod and clamp the rod; wherein in the second position, at least part of the deformable portion of the pressure member is spaced apart from the receiving part in a radial direction, while a free end of the deformable portion extends both closer axially to the first end of the receiving part and farther radially from the central axis than the entire rod. 